User Input
==========
$name = <STDIN>;

Double Quoted Strings vs Single Quoted Strings
==============================================
Double Quoted strings allow certain values in the string to be interpreted and 
single quoted strings are not.

For example:
print "Hello world!\n;   ---> Helo World!     (+ newline)
print 'Hello World!\n';  ---> Hello World!\n  (no newline)

Here's some common escape characters to utilize in double quoted strings:

   \n - Newline
   \t - Tab
   \b - Backspace
   \l - Lowercase Next Letter
   \u - Uppercase Next Letter
   \a - Ring System Bell



Manipulating Strings

---------------------
Chop
---------------------
The chop function is used to "chop off" the last character of a string 
variable. This is commonly used to take the "\n" newline character off a 
string when you read it from a file.

chop ($string);

---------------------
Length
---------------------
The length function simply gives you back the number of characters in a 
string variable.

$string="hello world";
$length_string = length ($string);

As "hello World" is 11 characters long, the $length_string variable will 
be 11.

---------------------
Substring (substr)
---------------------
The substring function is a way to get a portion of a string value, rather 
than using the entire value.

$portion = substr($string, start number, length);

So, if we had a variable named $string with a value of "hello world", but we 
wanted to get the last five characters rather than the full string, we would 
write something like this:

$string="hello world";
$portion = substr($string, 6, 10);
print "It's a big $portion\n";

Remember to start counting form zero. In the above case the letter 'h' is zero.



Combining Strings - The Dot(.) Operator
=======================================
"Hello"."World"     ---> HelloWorld
"Hello"." "."World" ---> Hello World

$user="Bob";
print "Hello ".$user;  ---> Hello Bob


Repeating Strings - The x Operator
==================================
"Hello" x 5 ---> HelloHelloHelloHelloHello